Brittany Lyons
~Social Medias influence on ads during
the Super Bowl
Social media is everywhere and it
has been impacting our lives for many years. Through social media so much can
be accomplished. How many of you watch the Super Bowl just for the commercials?
I know that if my favorite team isn’t in the Super Bowl I am merely watching
just for the ads. I love to see how funny they can be and what commercials
really put the effort into getting buyers. The Super Bowl had always been the
years most watched television broadcast. It attracts viewers that haven’t watched
one game all year. Wives start tuning in, younger kids, even people that aren’t
fans of football. I believe a lot of this is for the ads. Do you agree with me
or have other ideas?
Not only are ads taking over the Super
Bowl but they have really connected with the audience during regular season
sporting events. According to Neilson, “National TV sports generated $10.9
billion in advertising expenditure last year, compared to $10.3 billion one
year prior”, this is a nice jump because it shows the steady growth in
advertising and the connection to sports. With more sports being played on TV
and more broadcast the more ads there are on television also. According to Nielsen’s State of the Media:
Year in Sports, “Measuring ad spend during sporting events on network and cable
TV from Q4 2010 through Q3 2011, Nielsen also saw that cable has an increasing
share of those ad dollars—growing 37.3 percent year over year compared to 5.9
percent for sports ad spending in general”
During the Super Bowl how many
commercials were connected to social media? The advertisements that did that
were also leading the pack in ads that were the most favorite. Do you have a
favorite ad from the Super Bowl, and did you tweet during the game about any
ads? Twitter was a big hit during the super bowl. Although a lot of the talk on
twitter seemed to be like, did you guys see the football game at the Beyoncé concert?
But a big advertisement that happened during a tough time in the game was Oreo.
When the power went out Oreo jumped onto twitter and sent out a funny
tweet. According to CNN, “Nabisco's Oreo
cookie was among the first to jump on the Twitter brandwagon, with an ad
featuring the cookie on a partially blacked out page. “You can still dunk in
the dark," it read.” This was a really smart thing to do for Oreo. People
were upset with the whole black out and Oreo did something that would make
people laugh. Not only did it cheer people up but it made people start talking
about Oreo and this ad for days and even months after like I am now.
Any ads that happen during super
bowl are going to be huge. But the ones that connected to mass media have the
biggest effect. Anything you want to see from the Super Bowl I’m sure you can
find online. The advertisements are all on YouTube. The ads really put in
effort during sporting events especially the Super Bowl because they know
millions of people will be watching. According to the New York Times, “If you
really want to read into it, it’s the two sides of our country,” said Tim
Calkins, clinical professor of marketing at the Kellogg School of Management at
Northwestern University. “The emotional side is traditional, harkening back to
deep values” like patriotism and love of family, he added, “and the humorous
side is irreverent and slightly cynical,” mocking conventional wisdom and
questioning authority.” This is done to fit every person who is watching the
broadcast.
So being that the Super Bowl is the most
watched televised sporting event in the world who wouldn’t want to put there
commercials on. No matter how many millions it cost them, and according to the
article "Stations Rack up Super Bowl Ads” it was a lot. This article
reported that “The Super Bowl airing on CBS next month, is expected to bring
the network an estimated $200 million in ad revenue.” This being said do you
agree with the pricing of the ads during the Super Bowl? Do you think these are
fair prices because of how many viewers are actually watching your ads on TV? Do
you think the ads with the biggest connection to mass media during the Super
Bowl will have the biggest influence on people? If you were to put in ad in for
the Super Bowl would you connect it to Facebook or Twitter?
Works Cited
Atkinson, Claire. "Stations
Rack Up Super Bowl Ads." Broadcasting & Cable 140.4 (2010): 4-6.
Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
Carter, Chelsea J., and Jethro
Mullen. "Jokesters, Advertisers Pounce on Super Bowl Power Outage."
CNN. Cable News Network, 04 Feb. 2013. Web. 03 Apr. 2013.
"Neilson Reports ." State
of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr.
2013.
Elliot, Stuart. A Post Gme
Follow-Up on Super Bowl Commercials. New York Times, 4 Feb. 2013. Web. 3 Apr.
2013.
Sports are something that I know very little information on. I barely watch sports games or read about them online or in newspapers and magazines. Although I am not a huge sports fan I do watch one of the most watched sporting events of the year- the Super Bowl. I watch the game every year because everyone else is watching it but I stay interested in it mostly because of the commercials and entertainment sections of the event. Big games such as the Super Bowl have a lot more than just the sport aspect of it to keep viewers entertained. Even if you miss the game, as I had to do this past year, you are still updated on every great play or funny commercial through social media. I offered to take a shift the night of the Super Bowl last year because I’m not a big football fan but every social media site I looked at instantly made me regret missing it even though I don’t even understand football. I completely agree when Brittany says most people who don’t watch football all year long tune in for The Super Bowl mostly because of the ads because that is exactly what me and the majority of friends do. The advertisement and social media aspect of the game is definitely something that attracts many of the viewers who otherwise wouldn’t be interested.
ReplyDeleteThese advertisements are so highly anticipated that there are even short previews of them on YouTube weeks before. Even though I missed the Super Bowl I was still able to see the most loved commercials when friends tweeted about them or when they posted the YouTube link to their Facebook statuses. Social media carries these ads’ popularity weeks after they hit the air. Social media was not only involved by friends tweeting about ads and game highlight but the commercials themselves had hash tags, twitter names, Facebook pages and YouTube channel links all over them. As stated throughout Brittany’s post, social media is now a huge aspect of the Super Bowl on both ends, the consumers and the advertisers.
Advertising isn’t just important for the Super Bowl but for all sports games in general. According to Nielsen’s “State of the Media: 2011 Year in Sports,” the biggest TV advertisers in sports include AT&T Wireless with $423.5 million as number one and Bud Light and Verizon Wireless coming after as well as 7 others. Nielsen reports, “The biggest TV advertisers in sports accounted for 26% of the total spend during this time period.” There a number of channels devoted completely to sports and an increase in the airing of live sports events. “Nielsen Year in Sports Advertising 2012” states, “There were more than 42,500 hours of live sporting events on national broadcast and cable TV in 2011, a five percent increase over 2010.” This demonstrates the continuously growing popularity of watching sports, and advertisers are definitely taking advantage of it. Social media is integrated into so many different places in our lives and in most forms of media, it makes things more interactive and for something as intense and unpredictable as sports it just adds to the excitement of it. Social media has definitely found its place in sports.
Works Cited
"Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
It is no secret that the advertisements for the Super Bowl are the most anticipated ads of the year. After all, when do people try to get sneak peaks of any other ad or look up commercials online days after a broadcast? And at the same time, it is no secret that social media is a highly effective way to connect with a mass audience. Therefore, if you combine highly anticipated ads with social media, the message will be the most effective and will reach the most amount of people.
ReplyDeleteAccording to the Nielsen ratings, almost half of the viewers of the Superbowl in 2011 were under the age of 50 (Nielsen). In conjunction with Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project’s survey in 2012, “internet users under 50 are particularly likely to use a social networking site of any kind” (Duggan). They also found that “women are more likely than men to be on these sites” which is a good thing for the advertisers of Superbowl Ads because 43% of the viewers were female in 2011 (Duggan and Nielsen). Therefore, it is only rational to expect a fair portion of the viewers of the Superbowl were using social media during the game.
In today’s climate, using social media can only help you—when done correctly. People respond well when a company appears to be engaging them directly and by adding the personal touch of social media, a company may be able to gain the attention of a member of the audience longer than the 30 seconds their ad ran for. It was extremely clever of Oreo and other companies to respond to the black out in the witty way that they did. It piqued the attention of Twitter and was circulating for many days following the Superbowl.
Overall, it’s hard to tell what ads had the biggest effect over people. Judging by various interactions with different people, it seems that the ads with the emotional strings attached had the biggest impact. Companies like Bud Light and Miller Light always have a good response and coincidentally they are in the top 10 spenders of advertisers in sports (Nielsen). Pulling at the heart strings works well—at least to get the audience to remember the story of the commercial. While these two companies typically dominate the number of ads that are seen at the Superbowl each year, another huge advertiser should be mentioned as well. Pepsi was the official sponsor of the halftime show with Beyonce. They ran a campaign inviting their fans to create the video to introduce Beyonce before she performed. By doing this, they were not only connecting with their customers but they were able to show the rest of the Superbowl audience that they care about their customers at the same time.
It is unfortunate that the price of the ads have almost become like a game at predicting how much they will cost each year. However, in order to make a successful commercial, the company must have enough funds to make a small masterpiece. The Superbowl ads that are the most successful are written well, shot well, the acting is good, and everything is perfect. Therefore, the companies that can afford to make a successful ad have more than enough money to pay the outrageous fees to get their name out there. After all, there are millions of viewers out there waiting for the ad of the year.
Works Cited
Duggan, Maeve, and Joanna Brenner. "The Demographics of Social Media Users - 2012." Pew Internet & American Life Project. Pew Research Center, 14 Feb. 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
"Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 5 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
Social media’s role with sports games, especially the Super Bowl, has greatly impacted not only the amount of talk about the game and commercials, but also the ratings and demographics. When thinking about the Super Bowl I used to picture a bunch of college guys, or men gathered around a television screaming from their La-Z Boy Recliners. However, with the new developments and further growth of social media since I came to college, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, my view has changed. With Super Bowl ad’s costing over a million dollars and everyone tweeting more about the halftime show than the actual game, this year Super Bowl really exemplified how social media has grown and taken power. I admit that I have not jumped on the bandwagon when it comes to having a twitter. However, I was still hearing about the amount of tweets and comments people across the country were making. That just shows the impact social media has had.
ReplyDeleteAs stated before, the amount of money that advertisements cost to run during a sports game and the Super Bowl has increased every year. In Nielsen’s Year In Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B, they write “National TV sports generated $10.9 billion in advertising expenditure last year, compared to $10.3 billion one year prior, according to Nielsen’s State of the Media: Year in Sports. Measuring ad spend during sporting events on network and cable TV from Q4 2010 through Q3 2011, Nielsen also saw that cable has an increasing share of those ad dollars—growing 37.3 percent year over year compared to 5.9 percent for sports ad spending in general” (Year in Sports Advertising). A large portion of this increase in advertisement cost is attributed the amount of time audiences are recorded to be spending watching television, “The increase in TV ad spend mirrors a similar increase in the amount of live TV sports content available on TV and cable. There were more than 42,500 hours of live sporting events on national broadcast and cable TV in 2011, a five percent increase over 2010” (Year in Sports Advertising). It is interesting to compare watching a sporting event from five years ago to today. It seems as though advertisements have become more niche making sure they target a larger audience. I think this has to do with social media. Are companies seeing that maybe more women are watching sporting events with their husbands and tweeting about it? Is that something that has contributed to making the Super Bowl ads more competitive?
When observing Nielsen’s State of the Media Year in Sports 2011, something that was interesting was that from November 2010 to November 2011, mobile web audiences among sport sites increased by 22% (Nielsen, State of the Media Year in Sports 2011 Reports). Something I would be interested in researching would be how long before those applications became active that this rise in audiences occurred? If this form of social media never advanced, would there still be such a strong interest in these web sites?
Regarding the pricing of the Super Bowl ads, I do think that it is crazy when the amount of money a company is spending on an advertisement is revealed. The number keeps getting higher yearly and it does not seem to be dropping any time soon. While the number is high, I think that puts more pressure on companies to make their 30 seconds or so really count making more audiences tune in to the Super Bowl and therefore increasing ratings. It will definitely be interesting to see what the amount will be for next year.
Work Cited
"State of the Media Year in Sports 2011 Reports ." Reports and Insights. Nielsen, Web. Apr. 2013.
“Year in Sports Advertising” Reports and Insights. Nielsen, 24 Jan. 2012
As Brittany questioned, I am guilty of watching the Super Bowl for the commercials and of course to see the halftime performance. I think that many people across the country tune in to do the same thing even if they are not football fans. The commercials are funny, entertaining and become a topic of conversation; especially on social media. Although it is extremely expensive to air a commercial during the Super Bowl it definitely is worth it. Viewers not only talk about the commercials they enjoyed but Tweet and post Facebook statuses about them as well. The article, “State of the Media: 2011 Year in Sports”, contained a chart which measured buzz volume for sports in 2011. According to Nielsen, “Buzz volume represents individual posts online that mention selected keywords/names on Blogs, Message Boards/Groups, public posts on Twitter and Facebook, Video and images sites and news websites” (Niellsen 1). Nielsen’s chart reported that the most Buzz volume was for the Super Bowl with over 2,500,000 posts (Nielsen 1). Viewers tweet nonstop during the Super Bowl sharing their thoughts on the game, performance and of course on the many commercials which leave an impression on them. This is great because it gets more people talking about companies’ products they’re advertising.
ReplyDeleteI completely agree with Brittany that the commercials talked about on social media have the biggest effect. Interesting commercials spread all over Twitter like a chain reaction. If people are tweeting about a specific commercial it makes others curious. They then search for the commercials on the Internet and create their own tweets to jump on the bandwagon and be in the loop. The more people which are posting about a certain commercial, the further it spreads and the more it is talked about.
Even though the commercials cost a lot of money to air, time during the Super Bowl is a great investment. The article, “Year in Sports Advertising”, listed the top spenders advertising in sports. Among them were, AT&T Wireless, Bud Light, Verizon Wireless, McDonald’s, DIRECTV, Geico, Sprint Wireless, Southwest Airlines, State Farm Insurance and Miller Lite (Nielsen). I found this interesting because these are some of the companies whose commercials I remember seeing during the Super Bowl. With that being said, these companies must be getting their money’s worth out of their air time. Some of their commercials certainly made an impression on me and therefore must have left an impression on many others. I do think that the pricing for 30 seconds of air time is crazy but these companies are willing to pay it. There is also such a huge audience watching the Super Bowl that it makes it all worth it. On top of that, we have social media to spread the buzz to people who aren’t watching. I think that the Oreo tweet during the blackout was humorous and a great move for the company. If I were to air a commercial during the Super Bowl I would definitely connect it to Twitter. The more platforms you advertise on, the more people your message reaches.
"Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 7 Apr. 2013.
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ReplyDeleteThis is an interesting blog post. It is not surprising to see popular sporting events and social media influencing ads and ad revenue. Sports media and revenue has long been a stable industry with devoted and loyal fans. While the use of social media has had huge impact worldwide and have changed the dynamics of social interactions. Social media has provide faster, cheaper, and more convenient communication and interaction with others, especially since a lot of people are on it. Its natural that these two will eventually find each other and form a relationship.
I am not a huge sports fan but I do love big sporting events such as the Superbowl and the Olympics. For me I disagree with your notion that viewers are attracted to Superbowl ads . It’s not really relevant to me or a lot of people that I know. I know with me its because even though I may enjoy the ads, I don’t really care about the commercials ads but I am interested on the game and what people have to say especially on Facebook. It’s become much more of a social event as it is a sporting event for me. Sporting events especially the Superbowl in nature are social but combine that with social media and it has the ability to connect to more people, such as friends, colleagues, co-workers who are all watching the same event but in different places. You can read and like funny statuses on people’s Facebook walls about things that happen in the game. You can write statuses yourself and share opinions with friends. Its pretty much a more active, frequent approach to watching a game and socializing. Its something to do and share with people and gives you something to talk about on Monday. Plus if you don’t watch then more than likely you’ll be left out of conversations the next day so…. Even so, I can understand why social media influences ads during the Superbowl.
Possible reasons social media and sports click
1. Sporting events gather large audiences based on fan interests and loyalty, social media garners large audiences since many people spend a lot time viewing and participating in social media.
2. Sporting events produce a lot of revenue through ticket sales, memorabilia and sporting good stores. Even on a smaller scale people spend a lot on sports and have made an event and celebration around sports such as ordering food, making a huge dinner, inviting friends and happy over, serving meat, cheese and snack platters and stocking up on beer and refreshments.
3. Since people are losing interest in regular TV programming companies are more willing to bank on staples like the Superbowl to capture a huge audience for 3 hours
4. Big sporting events like Superbowl and the Olympics don’t require much commitment especially if you’re not a huge sports fan. You watch a game, pick a team or side to root for and watch
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Part 2 of 3
ReplyDeleteUsing these reasons and theories and applying them to text,
According to the Nielson article titled, “Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B,”
“National TV sports generated $10.9 billion in advertising expenditure last year, compared to $10.3 billion one year prior…… TV sports advertising is dominated by a few big spenders, with the top 10 — led by AT&T, Bud Light, Verizon Wireless, McDonald’s and DIRECTV—accounting for roughly a quarter (26%) of the total spend during that time period.”,
In this quote Nielson reports that there is a .6 increase in advertising spending especially from big spending companies like McDonalds and Bud light. It isn’t surprising and its quite logical for big companies to spend big because sports events provides the audiences and numbers they need for someone to notice their brand and products .
While in the article by Nielson titled, “Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising,” quote:
“There were over 42,500 hours of live sporting events on national broadcast and cable
television in 2011, which is a 5% increase in the hours of sports programming in 2010. Brand recall was 33 percent higher for Super Bowl ads with a social media tag (directing viewers to a link on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc.) than those without them. In October, 463,664,000 video streams took place on sports websites by 35 million consumers,”
This quote is stating that there was a 5% increase in the hours of sport programming that coincides with viewers being able to recall brands at a 33% higher rate when using links on social media websites like Facebook and Twitter than viewers who were not using social media.
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ReplyDeleteThese two quotes when put together shows that by companies investing in sports (a smart move by the way) and by investing in ads that run on different platforms including digitally, they are appealing and getting audiences to remember their brands and products. Hence if they remember you, they’ll buy from you and more money in return.
Essentially these companies are going where the people are going and in hence where the money is going. Lastly companies are realizing and making use of their relationship with their audiences and potential audiences by appealing to audiences interests and who their spending their time which is on social media.
Works Cited
"Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
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ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteAs we have seen over the past few weeks, social media is becoming a huge part of our entertainment culture and our society in general. It was about time it crept into the sporting world. The Superbowl, World Series, Stanley Cup, and March Madness are some of the most twitted about events during the year. This year there were approx. 26,131,270 million tweets during the course of the Superbowl game (forbes.com). And according to Nielson’s State of the Media Year in Sports 2011, from November 2010 to November 2011 the mobile web audiences among sports sites increased to 22%. This statistic shows that more viewers are using social media on their mobile devices during shows creating an increase in second-screen viewing.
Twitter and Facebook are great ways to help promote and attract viewers. This year the Superbowl advertisements cost the most they ever have, over 3 million dollars for a 30 second spot. “National TV sports generated $10.9 billion in advertising expenditure last year, compared to $10.3 billion one year prior.” (Nielson; State of the Media), this shows that there continues to be an increase in advertisement demands and that many companies and brands have drifted towards sports because it is a huge platform that gains and attracts millions of viewers. With Twitter and Facebook it allowed for viewers to interact with other fans about commercials they liked or disliked.
I agree with Brittany when she said that many of the viewers for the Superbowl are due in part to the commercial advertisements. Me being one of those people, I feel that since a lot of women and children generally don’t tend to follow sports, the Superbowl advertisements are one thing to keeps us nonathletic folks entertained. 16% of the total tweets from the Superbowl (around 4 million) were about the ads (forbes.com) and 51% of the total tweets came from women (forbes.com). According to Nielson’s 2011 Year in Sports, the social networking activity during the Superbowl consisted of “becoming a fan or following a new brand or athlete, and posting links, articles, and videos”. Some brands even tried put in a Twitter or Facebook plug in into their commercial to make second-screen viewing possible.
For example like Brittany brought up, Nabisco’s Oreo was one of the most interested and talked about advertisements during the game. It was a Twitter ad, which has never really been done before, which was posted during the power-outage and it read, “You can still dunk in the dark”. “Turns out they had a 15-person social media team at the ready to respond to whatever happened online in response to the Superbowl – whether it was a mind-blowing play or half the light shutting off.” (Watercutter), this quote from an article on Wired.com, shows how large the social media platform has become and how advertisers are trying extremely hard to attract as many viewers on the internet as possible.
Since social media is already a huge part of our everyday lives, I feel that whether a brand or company wants to advertise on Twitter, Facebook, or any other social media site, it will benefit them the same way. Social media makes for an interactive experience with a brand and placing ads and competition during sporting events makes it more exciting.
Work Cited
Knapp, Alex. "Super Bowl Tweeting: By The Numbers." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 06 Feb. 2013. Web. Apr. 2013. .
Watercutter, Angela. "How Oreo Won the Marketing Super Bowl With a Timely Blackout Ad on Twitter." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 02 Feb. 0013. Web. Apr. 2013. .
"Neilson Reports ." State of the Media: Year in Sports Advertising. N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
ReplyDeletePeople of all ages come together to enjoy Super Bowl Sunday. However, not everyone is interested in the game. A lot of people watch the game for the Super Bowl ads and the half time performance. The Super Bowl ads are a big deal. There is a lot of pressure on the advertisers to create a memorable ad, because billions of eyes are glued to the TV sets to enjoy the commercials. The advertisers want positive feedback from the viewers concerning their commercial
Super Bowl ads have transformed over the past couple years. Social media created a new way for fans to engage with the ads. Before the game even happens anticipation is built up on social media. It has gone from talking about the commercials seen during the Super Bowl the day after at work or at school to being discussed all week. Social media allows brands to increase their awareness with consumers. It is no longer a 30-second marketing campaign because of social media. Some brands have tried new techniques to increase the interest of the consumers by releasing snippets of the commercial. Brands even put social media tags on their commercials so that viewers become more involved with brand. Social media tags are a norm on every commercial now. “Brand recall was 33 percent higher for Super Bowl ads with a social media tag (directing viewers to a link on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc.) than those without them” (Nielson). YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter allow viewers to share the commercials they enjoyed the most or share feedback with their friends and family. I did not get to see the Super Bowl, but I was able to keep track of the commercials I wanted to see because of all the buzz on my Twitter and Facebook. My newsfeed was full of comments about this commercial and that commercial. And because of all this buzz, articles would be written about the most talked about commercials on Twitter and Facebook.
Advertisers spent millions on commercials…but why? The Super Bowl has millions of more viewers than any other TV program. The big brands are what you see during commercials, because they can afford it. This year it cost 3.8 million dollars for each 30-second commercial, yet it is worth spending the money because their publicity and sales increase. Especially combined with social media, companies are paying all this money because it is successful. Even after the Super Bowl, the commercials are still on YouTube. In Social Media Transforming Super Bowl Advertising, Von Hoffman says, “This became clear with the success of Audi's 2011 Super Bowl ad campaign. In the two weeks following the game the company's ad was viewed 4 million times on YouTube. From then until the end of the year it got four million more views.” Social Media benefits companies by increasing awareness especially when it comes to new products.
Work Cited
"State of the Media Year in Sports 2011 Reports." Reports and Insights. Nielsen, Web. 7 Apr. 2013.
Neilsen. "Year in Sports Advertising: TV Ad Spend Grows to $10.9B." N.p., 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 7 Apr. 2013.
Von Hoffman, Constantine. “Social Media Transforming Super Bowl Advertising.” 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 7 Apr. 2013.